This module allows the creation of interactive widgets plots using either one
of the following modules:
ipywidgets and ipympl: it probably has less dependencies to install
and it might be a little bit faster at updating the visualization. However,
it only works inside Jupyter Notebook.
Holoviz’s panel: works on any Python interpreter, as
long as a browser is installed on the system. The interactive plot can be
visualized directly in Jupyter Notebook, or in a new browser window where
the plot can use the entire screen space. This might be useful to visualize
plots with many parameters, or to focus the attention only on the plot rather
than the code.
If only a minimal installation of this plotting module has been performed,
then users have to manually install the chosen interactive modules.
By default, this plotting module will attempt to create interactive widgets
with ipywidgets. To change interactive module, users can either:
specify the following keyword argument to use Holoviz’s Panel:
imodule="panel". Alternatively, specify imodule="ipywidgets" to
use ipywidgets.
Modify the configuration file to permanently change the interactive module.
More information are provided in 4 - Customizing the module.
Note that:
interactive capabilities are already integrated with many plotting functions.
The purpose of the following documentation is to show a few more examples
for each interactive module.
if user is attempting to execute an interactive widget plot and gets an
error similar to the following:
TraitError: The ‘children’ trait of a Box instance contains an Instance of
a TypedTuple which expected a Widget, not the FigureCanvasAgg at ‘0x…’.
It means that the ipywidget module is being used with Matplotlib, but the
interactive Matplotlib backend has not been loaded. First, execute the magic
command %matplotlibwidget, then execute the plot command.
For technical reasons, all interactive-widgets plots in this documentation
are created using Holoviz’s Panel. Often, they will ran just fine with
ipywidgets too. However, if a specific example uses the param library,
then users will have to modify the params dictionary in order to make
it work with ipywidgets. A couple of examples are provided below.
Represents a plot range, an entity describing what interval a
particular variable is allowed to vary. It is a 3-elements tuple:
(symbol, minimum, maximum).
Notes
Why does the plotting module needs this class instead of providing a
plotting range with ordinary tuple/list? After all, ordinary plots
works just fine.
If a plotting range is provided with a 3-elements tuple/list, the internal
algorithm looks at the tuple and tries to determine what it is.
If minimum and maximum are numeric values, than it is a plotting range.
Hovewer, there are some plotting functions in which the expression consists
of 3-elements tuple/list. The plotting module is also interactive, meaning
that minimum and maximum can also be expressions containing parameters.
In these cases, the plotting range is indistinguishable from a 3-elements
tuple describing an expression.
This class is meant to solve that ambiguity: it only represents a plotting
range.
Examples
Let x be a symbol and u, v, t be parameters. An example plotting range is:
>>> fromsympyimportsymbols>>> fromspbimportprange>>> x,u,v,t=symbols("x, u, v, t")>>> prange(x,u*v,v**2+t)(x, u*v, t + v**2)
Create an interactive application containing widgets and charts in order
to study symbolic expressions, using Holoviz’s Panel for the user interace.
Note: this function is already integrated with many of the usual
plotting functions: since their documentation is more specific, it is
highly recommended to use those instead.
However, the following documentation explains in details the main features
exposed by the interactive module, which might not be included on the
documentation of those other functions.
Parameters:
seriesBaseSeries
Instances of BaseSeries, representing the symbolic expression to be
plotted.
paramsdict
A dictionary mapping the symbols to a parameter. The parameter can be:
an instance of param.parameterized.Parameter.
a tuple of the form:
(default, min, max, N, tick_format, label, spacing)
where:
default, min, maxfloat
Default value, minimum value and maximum value of the slider,
respectively. Must be finite numbers.
Nint, optional
Number of steps of the slider.
tick_formatTickFormatter or None, optional
Provide a formatter for the tick value of the slider. If None,
panel will automatically apply a default formatter.
Alternatively, an instance of
bokeh.models.formatters.TickFormatter can be used.
Default to None.
label: str, optional
Custom text associated to the slider.
spacingstr, optional
Specify the discretization spacing. Default to "linear",
can be changed to "log".
Note that the parameters cannot be linked together (ie, one parameter
cannot depend on another one).
layoutstr, optional
The layout for the controls/plot. Possible values:
'tb': controls in the top bar.
'bb': controls in the bottom bar.
'sbl': controls in the left side bar.
'sbr': controls in the right side bar.
If servable=False (plot shown inside Jupyter Notebook), then
the default value is 'tb'. If servable=True (plot shown on a
new browser window) then the default value is 'sbl'.
Note that side bar layouts may not work well with some backends.
ncolsint, optional
Number of columns to lay out the widgets. Default to 2.
namestr, optional
The name to be shown on top of the interactive application, when
served on a new browser window. Refer to servable to learn more.
Default to an empty string.
pane_kwdict, optional
A dictionary of keyword/values which is passed to the pane containing
the chart in order to further customize the output (read the Notes
section to understand how the interactive plot is built).
The following web pages shows the available options:
Refer to [2] for MatplotlibBackend. Two interesting options
are:
interactive: wheter to activate the ipympl interactive backend.
dpi: set the dots per inch of the output png. Default to 96.
Default to False, which will show the interactive application on the
output cell of a Jupyter Notebook. If True, the application will be
served on a new browser window.
showbool, optional
Default to True.
If True, it will return an object that will be rendered on the
output cell of a Jupyter Notebook. If False, it returns an instance
of InteractivePlot, which can later be be shown by calling the
show() method.
templateoptional
Specify the template to be used to build the interactive application
when servable=True. It can be one of the following options:
None: the default template will be used.
dictionary of keyword arguments to customize the default template.
Among the options:
full_width (boolean): use the full width of the browser page.
Default to True.
sidebar_width (str): CSS value of the width of the sidebar
in pixel or %. Applicable only when layout='sbl' or
layout='sbr'.
show_header (boolean): wheter to show the header of the
application. Default to True.
an instance of pn.template.base.BasicTemplate
a subclass of pn.template.base.BasicTemplate
throttledboolean, optional
Default to False. If True the recompute will be done at mouse-up event
on sliders. If False, every slider tick will force a recompute.
use_latexbool, optional
Default to True.
If True, the latex representation of the symbols will be used in the
labels of the parameter-controls. If False, the string
representation will be used instead.
See also
create_widgets
Notes
This function is specifically designed to work within Jupyter Notebook.
It is also possible to use it from a regular Python console,
by executing: iplot(...,servable=True), which will create a server
process loading the interactive plot on the browser.
However, K3DBackend is not supported in this mode of operation.
The interactive application generated by iplot consists of two main
containers:
a pane containing the widgets.
a pane containing the chart. We can further customize this container
by setting the pane_kw dictionary. Please, read its documentation
to understand the available options.
Some examples use an instance of PrintfTickFormatter to format the
value shown by a slider. This class is exposed by Bokeh, but can be
used by iplot with any backend. Refer to [1] for more
information about tick formatting.
It has been observed that Dark Reader (or other night-mode-enabling
browser extensions) might interfere with the correct behaviour of
the output of iplot. Please, consider adding localhost to the
exclusion list of such browser extensions.
Say we are creating two different interactive plots and capturing
their output on two variables, using show=False. For example,
p1=iplot(...,show=False) and p2=iplot(...,show=False).
Then, running p1.show() on the screen will result in an error.
This is standard behaviour that can’t be changed, as panel’s
parameters are class attributes that gets deleted each time a new
instance is created.
MatplotlibBackend can be used, but the resulting figure is just a
PNG image without any interactive frame. Thus, data exploration is not
great. Therefore, the use of PlotlyBackend or BokehBackend is
encouraged.
When BokehBackend is used:
the user-defined theme won’t be applied.
rendering of gradient lines is slow.
color bars might not update their ranges.
8. Once this module has been loaded and executed, the safest procedure
to restart Jupyter Notebook’s kernel is the following:
save the current notebook.
close the notebook and Jupyter server.
restart Jupyter server and open the notebook.
reload the cells.
Failing to follow this procedure might results in the notebook to
become unresponsive once the module has been reloaded, with several
errors appearing on the output cell.
References
Examples
NOTE: the following examples use the ordinary plotting function because
iplot is already integrated with them.
Surface plot between -10 <= x, y <= 10 with a damping parameter varying
from 0 to 1, with a default value of 0.15, discretized with 50 points
on both directions.
fromsympyimport(symbols,sqrt,cos,exp,sin,pi,re,im,Matrix,Plane,Polygon,I,log)fromspbimport*x,y,z=symbols("x, y, z")r=sqrt(x**2+y**2)d=symbols('d')expr=10*cos(r)*exp(-r*d)plot3d((expr,(x,-10,10),(y,-10,10)),params={d:(0.15,0,1)},title="My Title",xlabel="x axis",ylabel="y axis",zlabel="z axis",backend=PB,n=51,use_cm=True,use_latex=False,wireframe=True,wf_n1=15,wf_n2=15,wf_rendering_kw={"line_color":"#003428","line_width":0.75})
A line plot illustrating the Fouries series approximation of a saw tooth
wave and:
custom format of the value shown on the slider.
creation of an integer spinner widget. This is achieved by setting
None as one of the bounds of the integer parameter.
fromsympyimport*fromspbimport*importparamfrombokeh.models.formattersimportPrintfTickFormatterx,T,n,m=symbols("x, T, n, m")sawtooth=frac(x/T)# Fourier Series of a sawtooth wavefs=S(1)/2-(1/pi)*Sum(sin(2*n*pi*x/T)/n,(n,1,m))formatter=PrintfTickFormatter(format="%.3f")plot((sawtooth,(x,0,10),"f",{"line_dash":"dotted"}),(fs,(x,0,10),"approx"),params={T:(4,0,10,80,formatter),m:param.Integer(4,bounds=(1,None),label="Sum up to n ")},xlabel="x",ylabel="y",backend=BB,use_latex=False)
Combine together InteractivePlot and Plot instances. The same
parameters dictionary must be used for every interactive plot command.
Note:
the first plot dictates the labels, title and wheter to show the legend
or not.
Instances of Plot class must be place on the right side of the +
sign.
show=False has been set in order for iplot to return an
instance of InteractivePlot, which supports addition.
Once we are done playing with parameters, we can access the backend
with p.backend. Then, we can use the p.backend.fig attribute
to retrieve the figure, or p.backend.save() to save the figure.
Serves the interactive plot to a separate browser window. Note that
K3DBackend is not supported for this operation mode. Also note the
two ways to create a integer sliders.
fromsympyimport*fromspbimport*importparamfrombokeh.models.formattersimportPrintfTickFormatterformatter=PrintfTickFormatter(format='%.4f')p1,p2,t,r,c=symbols("p1, p2, t, r, c")phi=-(r*t+p1*sin(c*r*t)+p2*sin(2*c*r*t))phip=phi.diff(t)r1=phip/(1+phip)plot_polar((r1,(t,0,2*pi)),params={p1:(0.035,-0.035,0.035,50,formatter),p2:(0.005,-0.02,0.02,50,formatter),# integer parameter created with paramr:param.Integer(2,softbounds=(2,5),label="r"),# integer parameter created with usual syntaxc:(3,1,5,4)},use_latex=False,backend=BB,aspect="equal",n=5000,layout="sbl",ncols=1,servable=True,name="Non Circular Planetary Drive - Ring Profile")
Create an interactive application containing widgets and charts in order
to study symbolic expressions, using ipywidgets.
Note: this function is already integrated with many of the usual
plotting functions: since their documentation is more specific, it is
highly recommended to use those instead.
However, the following documentation explains in details the main features
exposed by the interactive module, which might not be included on the
documentation of those other functions.
Parameters:
seriesBaseSeries
Instances of BaseSeries, representing the symbolic expression to be
plotted.
paramsdict
A dictionary mapping the symbols to a parameter. The parameter can be:
a widget.
a tuple of the form:
(default, min, max, N, tick_format, label, spacing)
where:
default, min, maxfloat
Default value, minimum value and maximum value of the slider,
respectively. Must be finite numbers.
Nint, optional
Number of steps of the slider.
label: str, optional
Custom text associated to the slider.
spacingstr, optional
Specify the discretization spacing. Default to "linear",
can be changed to "log".
Note that the parameters cannot be linked together (ie, one parameter
cannot depend on another one).
layoutstr, optional
The layout for the controls/plot. Possible values:
'tb': controls in the top bar.
'bb': controls in the bottom bar.
'sbl': controls in the left side bar.
'sbr': controls in the right side bar.
The default value is 'tb'.
ncolsint, optional
Number of columns to lay out the widgets. Default to 2.
showbool, optional
Default to True.
If True, it will return an object that will be rendered on the
output cell of a Jupyter Notebook. If False, it returns an instance
of InteractivePlot, which can later be be shown by calling the
show() method.
use_latexbool, optional
Default to True.
If True, the latex representation of the symbols will be used in the
labels of the parameter-controls. If False, the string
representation will be used instead.
Notes
This function is specifically designed to work within Jupyter Notebook
and requires the ipywidgets module [4] .
To update Matplotlib plots, the %matplotlibwidget command must be
executed at the top of the Jupyter Notebook. It requires the
installation of the ipympl module [5] .
References
Examples
NOTE: the following examples use the ordinary plotting function because
iplot is already integrated with them.
Surface plot between -10 <= x, y <= 10 with a damping parameter varying
from 0 to 1, with a default value of 0.15, discretized with 50 points
on both directions.
fromsympyimport(symbols,sqrt,cos,exp,sin,pi,re,im,Matrix,Plane,Polygon,I,log)fromspbimport*x,y,z=symbols("x, y, z")r=sqrt(x**2+y**2)d=symbols('d')expr=10*cos(r)*exp(-r*d)plot3d((expr,(x,-10,10),(y,-10,10)),params={d:(0.15,0,1)},title="My Title",xlabel="x axis",ylabel="y axis",zlabel="z axis",backend=PB,n=51,use_cm=True,use_latex=False,wireframe=True,wf_n1=15,wf_n2=15,wf_rendering_kw={"line_color":"#003428","line_width":0.75})
A line plot illustrating how to specify widgets. In particular:
the parameter d will be rendered as a slider.
the parameter n is a spinner.
the parameter phi will be rendered as a slider: note the custom
number of steps and the custom label.
when using Matplotlib, the %matplotlibwidget must be executed at
the top of the notebook.
%matplotlibwidgetfromsympyimport*fromspbimport*importipywidgetsx,phi,n,d=symbols("x, phi, n, d")plot(cos(x*n-phi)*exp(-abs(x)*d),(x,-5*pi,5*pi),params={d:(0.1,0,1),n:ipywidgets.BoundedIntText(value=2,min=1,max=10,description="$n$"),phi:(0,0,2*pi,50,"$\phi$ [rad]")},ylim=(-1.25,1.25))
A line plot illustrating the Fouries series approximation of a saw tooth
wave and:
custom number of steps and label in the slider.
creation of an integer spinner widget.
fromsympyimport*fromspbimport*importipywidgetsx,T,n,m=symbols("x, T, n, m")sawtooth=frac(x/T)# Fourier Series of a sawtooth wavefs=S(1)/2-(1/pi)*Sum(sin(2*n*pi*x/T)/n,(n,1,m))formatter=PrintfTickFormatter(format="%.3f")plot((sawtooth,(x,0,10),"f",{"line_dash":"dotted"}),(fs,(x,0,10),"approx"),params={T:(4,0,10,80,"Period, T"),m:ipywidgets.BoundedIntText(value=4,min=1,max=100,description="Sum up to n ")},xlabel="x",ylabel="y",backend=BB)
A line plot of the magnitude of a transfer function, illustrating the use
of multiple expressions and:
when using Matplotlib, the %matplotlibwidget must be executed at
the top of the notebook.
the two ways to create a integer sliders.
%matplotlibwidgetfromsympyimport*fromspbimport*importipywidgetsp1,p2,t,r,c=symbols("p1, p2, t, r, c")phi=-(r*t+p1*sin(c*r*t)+p2*sin(2*c*r*t))phip=phi.diff(t)r1=phip/(1+phip)plot_polar((r1,(t,0,2*pi)),params={p1:(0.035,-0.035,0.035,50),p2:(0.005,-0.02,0.02,50),# integer parameter created with ipywidgetsr:ipywidgets.BoundedIntText(value=2,min=2,max=5,description="r"),# integer parameter created with usual syntaxc:(3,1,5,4)},backend=MB,aspect="equal",n=5000,name="Non Circular Planetary Drive - Ring Profile")
Combine together InteractivePlot and Plot instances. The same
parameters dictionary must be used for every interactive plot command.
Note:
the first plot dictates the labels, title and wheter to show the legend
or not.
Instances of Plot class must be place on the right side of the +
sign.
show=False has been set in order for iplot to return an
instance of InteractivePlot, which supports addition.
Once we are done playing with parameters, we can access the backend
with p.backend. Then, we can use the p.backend.fig attribute
to retrieve the figure, or p.backend.save() to save the figure.